16 -ery n.[OF]=①a place for~ing ②a place for~s; the art or occupation of a~; the condition, quality or action of a~; a group of~s
名詞後綴-ery來自古法語,它主要充當派生後綴,可以加在兩類單詞後面:1)加在動詞後面表示a place for~ing(做…的場所);2)加在名詞後,這時-ery的意思較為復雜,它可以表示a place for~s(…的場所);the art or occupation of a~(…的技藝);the condition, quality or action of a~(…的狀況、性質、行為),以及a group of~s(…的群體或集體)。在少數情況下,-ery也可以當原生後綴(見本節練習4)。
下面舉些有代表性的詞例來說明派生後綴-ery的用法。
bakery[bak(←bake)v. 烤、烘(面包等);-ery⇒“a place for baking烤面包的場所”→]n. a place where bread, cake and pies are made or sold; bakeshop面包烘房;面包店 / We bought a cake at the bakery for dessert. 我們在面包房買瞭一塊蛋糕做甜點心用。
nunnery[nun n. 修女,尼姑;-ery⇒“a place for nuns尼姑們的住處”→]n. a building where nuns live; convent女修道院;尼姑庵 / She said that she should take up her abode in a nunnery. 她說她將要去女修道院居住。
cookery[cook n. 廚師;-ery→]n. the art or occupation of a cook烹調術 / Besides television, their major diversion is cookery. 除瞭看電視,他們主要的消遣就是學烹調。
slavery[slav(←slave)n. 奴隸;-ery⇒“the condition of a slave奴隸的狀態”→]n. ①the condition or fact of being a slave奴隸身份 / Many African Blacks were captured and sold into slavery. 許多非洲黑人被捕獲並販賣為奴。②the custom of owning slaves奴隸制度 / Where slavery is permitted, certain men own others. 允許奴隸制度存在的地方,一些人就人身占有瞭另一些人。
knavery[knav(←knave)n. 流氓;-ery⇒“the qualities or actions of a knave流氓的秉性與行為”→] n. behaviour of a knave; trickery流氓行為;欺詐 / It is a flat knavery to take upon you another man's name. 用他人名字頂替你是純粹的流氓行徑。
machinery[machin(←machine)n. 機器;-ery→]n. a group of machines[總稱]機器,機械 / A factory contains much machinery. 一傢工廠擁有很多機器。
練習
1.[詞綴辨識]
在詞幹後填入-ary或-ery。
① bound_____ n. 邊界
② distill_____ n. 蒸餾室;酒廠
③ lamas_____ n. 喇嘛寺
④ refin_____ n. 精煉廠
⑤ revolution_____ n. 革命者
⑥ secret_____ n. 秘書
2.[詞綴辨義]
① crockery n.[總稱]陶器 ( )a. a place of~ing
② cookery n. 烹調 ( )b. a place for~s
③ foolery n. 愚蠢行為 ( )c. the art of a~
④ piggery n. 養豬場(←pig) ( )d. the action of a~
⑤ tannery n. 制革廠(←tan) ( )e. a group of~s
3.[同義相連]
A 動詞+-ery n.→派生名詞(表場所)
① brewery ( )a. 托兒所,保育室
② cannery (←can) ( )b. 啤酒廠,釀酒廠
③ nursery (←nurse) ( )c. 罐頭食品廠
④ refinery (←refine) ( )d. 紡紗廠
⑤ spinnery (←spin) ( )e. 精煉廠
B 名詞+-ery n.→派生名詞(表場所)
① baptistery ( )a. 暖房
② greenery ( )b. 洗禮堂
③ rockery ( )c. 白嘴鴉巢;貧民窟
④ rookery ( )d. 修道院;寺院
⑤ monkery ( )e. 有假山的園林
C 名詞+-ery n.→派生名詞(表行為、狀態等)
① bribery (←bribe) ( )a. 勢利,諂上欺下
② drudgery (←drudge) ( )b. 欺騙;詭計
③ scenery (←scene) ( )c.[總稱]風景;景色
④ snobbery (←snob) ( )d. 行賄;受賄
⑤ trickery ( )e. 單調乏味的工作
4.[心領神會]
註意-ery有時可與詞根相結合。
① artillery n.[總稱]火炮[artill=to equip with weapon]
② cemetery n. 墓地[cemet=sleeping room]
③ colliery n. 煤礦[colli=coal]
④ effrontery n. 厚顏無恥[front=forehead]
⑤ monastery n. 修道院;寺院[monast=to live alone]
⑥ surgery n. 外科[surg=surgeon]
⑦ treachery n. 背叛;變節[treach=to cheat]
5.[節外生枝]
A 有些以-ery結尾的名詞有以-er結尾的同根詞,而且詞義有關聯。這時,不妨把-ery看成是-er與-y的復合形式。試比較下列幾對單詞的詞義:
① confectioner n. 制造糖果蜜餞的人
confectionery n.[總稱]糖果,蜜餞;糖果行業
② cutter n. 刀匠;經營刃具的商人
cutlery n.[總稱]刀、劍;西餐的刀叉餐具;刃具制造業
③ duper n. 欺騙者;欺詐者
dupery n. 欺騙;欺詐
④ forger n. 偽造者
forgery n. 偽造罪;偽造品
⑤ milliner n. 婦女帽子及頭飾的設計者
millinery n.[總稱]女帽;婦女頭飾(的行業)
⑥ stationer n. 文具商
stationery n.[總稱]文具
B 有些單詞或詞幹同時帶-ary與-ery兩種後綴。試比較以下兩個同根詞的詞義。
stationary a. 固定的,不動的
stationery n.[總稱]文具